Restatement of objectives in your dissertation conclusion

Your conclusion can start by repeating your original hypothesis and restate some parts of the introduction to give the reader an overview of the study which eventually lead you in drawing your conclusion. This is your way to validate your hypothesis or disprove it, whichever the case may be. It is important that readers see the authenticity of your study.

Summarize findings in your term paper conclusion

When writing your dissertation conclusion, you should be able to summarize your findings after you have undertaken the research. The findings should be clearly communicated to the readers for them to understand the result of your study better. You can account for all the data and mention the result of other individual testing and stating if they had effect or none to your hypothesis.

State the significance of the findings in your dissertation conclusion

This is the most important format that you can have for your term paper conclusion yet the most challenging one to draw. You must assert to the readers the relevance of your study and be able to establish its importance to them. Refer back to your introduction where you gave a thesis statement and objectives of your paper and present conclusive statement that would give an answer to your stated problem.

Detail the implications in the dissertation conclusion of your study

In your dissertation conclusion, cite scientific studies that you used to in making your tests. You can also state the reasons on how your study can impact future scientific studies. After the acceptance and publication of your dissertation, students taking masters and doctorate will use your study as a source or reference for their own research in the future.

A thesis statement for research paper projects: Step 1

 
A thesis statement is a very condensed summary of the main arguments you make in your project. It is a sentence or two long, usually placed at the end of your introductory paragraph. The first step to writing a winning thesis statement for research paper projects is to understand its main goals. The main goals in writing a thesis statement are:

• to create a road map for the paper and explain what readers can expect from it;
• to take a particular stance with respect to the discussed problem;
• to make a claim that might be disputed by some other people.

A thesis statement for research paper projects: Step 2

 
The second step in creating a worthy thesis statement for research paper projects is to clarify the type of your research paper. The type of your research paper affects the form of your thesis statement. There are two main types of research papers:

1. Argumentative (you can and should take a particular stance). A thesis statement for this type of research papers should clearly state your stance. E.g. Although global warming is irreversible, the community should be educated on how their efforts can be valuable for reducing the negative effects of this phenomenon.
2. Analytical (you do not have enough competence to take a particular stance, but you can analyze and synthesize the opinions of others). E.g. While a number of the world’s greatest poems and plays are traditionally attributed to William Shakespeare, under the influence of anti-Stratfordianism, the movement disputing Shakespeare’s authorship, Walt Whitman, Sigmund Freud and Mark Twain denied the relation between the historical Shakespeare and the works attributed to his name.

A thesis statement for research paper projects: Step 3

 
The third step to writing an effective thesis statement for research paper projects is to choose appropriate constructions and use them to finally formulate it. Here are some valuable phrases and hints:

• This paper will examine (discuss, argue, explore etc.)…
• State that one aspect contributes to another one, explaining how you are going to prove it.
• State that certain concepts or phenomena can be explained through the impact of other concepts or phenomena.
• State that certain issues or theories can have different interpretations.

A thesis statement for research paper projects: Step 4

 
If you still doubt whether you wrote an effective thesis statement, you can use these criteria to test it:

1. ”So what” question. Will your readers say “so what” after they read your thesis statement? If they are likely to say that, you need to stress more in your thesis statement the importance of your research project.
2. Captain Obvious test. Ask yourself whether your position is not obvious and whether others may want to challenge it.
3. How and why test. Does your thesis statement briefly explain how you have arrived to your specific conclusions?

By the way, you should not be afraid of writing “working” thesis statements for research papers that might be later revised and changed if necessary. So, you are welcome to follow these 4 easy steps and make your thesis statements the strong point of your research papers.

Writing techniques definition

 
What are writing techniques? Writing techniques are the mechanisms you use to write your papers. Each step you take in the essay writing process can influence the results you achieve. Though there is no universal recipe for writing all types of essays, some mechanisms have proven to be more effective than others.
 

Writing techniques to unlock your mind

 
The first steps in essay writing can be rather intimidating. “Hello, my dear friend” says the writer’s block, and you do not know where to start, but look blankly at a white computer monitor. Stop torturing yourself and try these truly effective essay writing techniques:

1. Brainstorming. First, you should forget about criticism and write down all ideas coming into your head (even the silliest of them). Then, you should evaluate and test them, selecting only the best ones. To get your creativity going, you need to remove all barriers. In brainstorming, you first generate as many ideas as you can, and only later evaluate their quality.
2. Free writing. Though this writing technique is criticized by some instructors, a lot of students like and appreciate it. Free writing means you do not need to worry about grammar and punctuation (not until proofreading papers). Your main goal is to free your brilliant ideas. You may set on a timer and write for a certain period of time (10-15 minutes) any thoughts that come into your head.
3. Directed questioning. If you cannot decide what to include in your paper, you may ask yourself directing questions. E.g. How can I define this concept? How can I investigate this problem? Why does this problem interest me? How does this problem affect other subjects?
4. Outlining. By making an outline, you can accelerate your writing process. Start from writing a thesis statement, then find convincing arguments for body paragraphs, and formulate them in the form of topic sentences. Then, support these central ideas with additional evidence. You will complete your essay before you could say Jack Robinson.

Writing techniques to persuade your readers

 
Another important aspect essential to improving your writing style is to find good content for your papers. These are proven writing techniques that will make your papers better:

• AIDA formula. Attention + Interest + Desire + Action = a good essay. This formula is used by marketers in advertisements, but it can be helpful for any papers. Try toput yourself in your readers’ shoes and think from their perspective. Respect your audience and think of what might interest them.
• Rhetorical triangle. Though it was created by ancient Greeks, it can be helpful for you too. The main components to include are logos (logical explanations, examples, and evidence), pathos (appeals to readers’ feelings and emotions), and ethos (ethical concerns – show that you as a writer have enough knowledge and competence to discuss certain problems and therefore readers can believe you).
• Repetitions. Repetitions are highly valued by psychologists. Make certain to use repetitions wisely, so that you don’t bore your readers. Echo the idea indicated in your thesis statement throughout your paper in topic sentences and conclusion. You should use various forms for repetitions, such as narratives, examples, logical reasoning, quotations of outstanding thinkers.
• Addressing objections. When developing your arguments, try to address the arguments of your readers before they even think of them. Imagine your instructors reading your essays and saying: “What about…?”

Writing techniques to avoid

 
Now that you understand what strategies can help you improve your writing skills, you might also want to check these worst techniques for writing essays, to know what to avoid:

1. Positive commentators. Some students think that if they write an essay in a positive key, their teachers will like it. This is wrong. Be objective and make certain to offer convincing arguments instead of simply stating that the book was “unforgettable”.
2. Open-hearted fellows. This group of students thinks that they can impress their instructors by using colloquialisms and personal details. This is wrong. You should not use an informal style unless it is requested by your teacher.
3. Garbage collectors. This group of students thinks that they can include all information that is in anyway related to the subject matter and get a good grade for this collection of interesting but irrelevant facts. Such students keep a lot of information in their short-term memory and absolutely nothing, even essay questions, will prevent them from including these facts into essays.
4. TERMinators. The name of this category is derived from the word “term”. These students are fond of complicated terms and their definitions. This is wrong. You should not provide unnecessary definitions, unless they are valuable for your discussion.
5. Magicians. These students can make tricks and illusions with essay questions. Their essays start well, but the essay question disappears by the time you read the conclusion part. “While” is their favorite word. E.g. In an essay on a marketing strategy: While a marketing strategy is important for the company’s success, change management is also important for making progress. Change management techniques are…
6. Philosophers of contradiction. These students assume that all questions are controversial and use this assumption as their writing technique. They do not want to take a concrete stand and in their essays, they simply repeat the idea that the essay question is really controversial and can be viewed from different perspectives.

So, now that you see the difference between best and worst writing techniques, you will be able to make the right choices, unlock your mind, avoid the traps and make your essays just perfect.

Chinese education: ancient traditions

 
Education has been highly valued in China since ancient times. Just imagine: even in the times of the Shang Dynasty (16 century BC), when the Chinese had not invented paper yet, they used bones of animals and tortoise shells for educational purposes. Noble people built schools for their kids. However, poor families could not even dream of sending their children to schools. Fortunately, now the situation has changed for the better.
 

Chinese education: current laws

 
In 1986, China’s government adopted the Law of Nine-Year Compulsory Education. Importantly, the same year, another law prohibiting individuals and organizations from employing youths who had not completed at least 9 years of schooling was enacted. Along with compulsory education, there is also higher education that is optional. Here are the main stages in modern China’s education:
 

 
The Chinese can make great personal sacrifices to send their children to colleges and universities because they understand the importance of good education. The government of China increases investment into schooling. There are a lot of scholarships and work and study programs which make higher education more affordable. Another question is how the Chinese achieve not only affordability, but also high quality of education.
 

Chinese education: teachers

 
The government takes measures to raise the living standards of teachers and provide them with the necessary training. It is notable that ineffective teachers are offered training programs. If training doesn’t help, they can be pushed into other jobs. For instance, an ineffective teacher of math can become a gym teacher. Therefore, the combination of state investment, improved social status of teachers, training programs and high requirements for teachers explains the high quality of education for Chinese students. It makes Chinese education one of the most popular choices of international students.
 

Chinese education: 5 lessons for Americans

 
The Chinese themselves criticize their education system because of the prevalence of rote learning. However, the results of the international study discussed above and the international math Olympiads, in which Chinese students won 11 times since the year 2000, are self-explanatory. Here are only five lessons which can be learned from education in China on how to improve the quality of education in a country:

• improvement of social status and living conditions for teachers;
• increased state investment into schooling;
• strict policies for ineffective teachers – training programs and even a push into other jobs if necessary;
• second chances to struggling students: those who repeat a grade still can go to college; those who fail a test do not necessarily drop out;
• family involvement: parents and grandparents support children in doing their homework (by the way, Chinese children are likely to do twice as much homework as their American peers).

So, now the main secrets of Chinese schooling are disclosed. Let’s wait and see if the US education system can use any of these lessons.

Literature Search: Where to Start

1. First, you can go to the library and browse through a library catalogue. There are many subject indexes and they will help you find information on every topic.
2. Secondly, there are many online databases such as SAGE, EBSCOhost, JSTOR, ProQuest. They will offer you many up-to-date and relevant articles about the topic of your paper.
3. Internet resources such as Google Scholar can also be of great use to students who look for relevant information.
4. Finally, you may ask your professor or teaching assistant for advice. They will definitely tell you what kind of sources you should use for your paper.

Literature Search: Understanding the Logic of Search Engines

1. First, you need to identify the main keywords related to your topic. You should also write down synonyms to these keywords.
2. Secondly, when you write a search query, make sure that it is no longer that four words, because otherwise the search engine may offer you many irrelevant web pages.
3. When you want to find exact matches to your query, put your keywords in quotation marks.
4. If you want to sift out irrelevant web pages, use Boolean operators, like And, Or, Not.
5. You should also carefully evaluate the sources Internet offers you. Remember that blogs and commercial websites are not always credible. You should access first educational and governmental websites.

Literature Search: Evaluating Sources

1. Peer-reviewed studies published within the last five years;
2. Books written on the topic;
3. Official documents published by governmental agencies or international organizations;
4. Encyclopedia entries;
5. Newspaper articles. It is possible to use newspaper articles, but you have to make sure that you are not relying on the data published by the yellow press.

If you take into account these recommendations, you’ll see that any literature search can be made much more productive.

Foreign Policy Analysis in Really Simple Terms

 
Have you noticed that scholars who promise to define something in the simplest terms do not actually keep this promise? After reading the sentence beginning with the phrase “in the simplest terms”, you may still have more questions than answers. No more confusion! Here is the definition in really simple terms:
 
What is foreign policy? Foreign policy is the set of decisions of a country to interact or not to interact with other countries and supranational organizations and if yes, to what extent.
Foreign policy analysis is a branch of political science which tells you why, how and to what effects a country interacts with other countries. That’s it.
 

Foreign Policy Analysis: How

 
In the modern world, countries cannot be isolated from the rest of the world, but have to deal with other countries. There are also numerous intergovernmental organizations (composed of governments from different countries), including the United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and others, which a country may join or not. Every country has to decide which countries to trade with and what international organizations to join (though some organizations are not that easy to join and question whether a country meets their standards). If a country joins certain international organizations, it will have to comply with those organizations’ policies.
 
You can compare these processes to your Facebook account – you decide whom to add as friends and which groups to join. There are also some private groups which you can join only after a moderator approves your request.

Foreign Policy Analysis: Main Fields

 
Certainly, foreign policy decision making is not as easy as Facebook. Whereas you can always click the ‘cancel’ button and edit your Facebook profile, similar cancellation would be much more difficult for a country. Countries need to be really careful when making decisions regarding:

• trade with other countries (import and export);
• giving or receiving humanitarian aid;
• defense (starting or ending war).

Those responsible for such decisions are presidents (or other heads of states) and ministers. These decisions can heavily influence the economy and well-being of the whole country. Citizens are frequently dissatisfied and criticize government’s decisions. Really, what are they thinking of when they decide what they decide?
 

Foreign Policy Analysis: Why

 
To understand what the government is thinking of, you can use the rational actor model. It is the most popular theory used in foreign policy reviews. This model assumes that the state is a rational actor making rational decisions. ‘Rational’ means that the state wants good rather than bad. In other words, all governments want to achieve the best possible profit. Such rational decision making process consists of the following steps:

• choice of the most important goals for improving the situation in the country;
• discussion of the best decisions for achieving these goals;
• assessment of possible consequences of each decision;
• choice of the most profitable decision.

Today, the rational actor model is frequently criticized by proponents of the game theory, who say that not all people act rationally and not all rational decisions turn out to be the best ones.
 
So, now you see that there is no need to use all those overcomplicated terms and mile-long articles. Though politics is full of dirty tricks, after reading this article, you clearly understand what is meant by an analysis of foreign policy.

1. The genre of the book. What are the most distinctive features of this genre?
2. The setting. Where and when does the action take place?
3. Themes. What is the main idea or ideas that the author advocates?
4. Title of the book. Suppose that you have never read the book, what does it title suggest? How did your understanding of this title change while reading this book?
5. Characters’ names. Is there any particular meaning to the character’s names? Did the writer have a specific purpose in choosing those names?

How to Do a Book Report: Writing Your Paper
 
People who don’t know how to do a book report often don’t know how to structure this paper. Moreover, in some cases, they cannot put forward very convincing arguments. So, here are some tips that will help you to have a good structure and convincing arguments:

• In the opening paragraph, you should name both the author and the book. Additionally, you should briefly discuss the genre of this work. Finally, state the main idea of the author.
• Describe the most essential elements of the plot. You may briefly summarize the book, but remember that summary is not the main purpose of a book report.
• Discuss the main characters of the book. Which one is the most memorable and why? You should also tell how these characters help the writer express the main ideas.
• Discuss the themes of the book. You need to focus on those ideas or questions that the author emphasizes.
• Make a brief assessment of this book. In particular, you need to explain why you like or dislike it. At this point, you also need to identify the strong and weak points of the book.

How to Do a Book Report: Concluding Remarks
 
If you follow these steps, you’ll see that writing a report is not a very difficult task. You should view this assignment as a good chance to demonstrate your analytical and critical skills. Hopefully, you’ll manage to write an excellent book report.

• Define the assignment type: (essay, report, review…);
• Specify its features: (short, detailed, with/without outline, etc.);
• Pick a specific strategy: (analysis, comparing and contrasting, evaluation, etc. );
• Arrange the facts: (Fact #1, fact #2… fact #n, analysis, results, conclusion);
• Apply logics: (If Mrs. A slanders, she is the antagonist);
• Work out the solution: (Therefore; it can be concluded that; hence…).

That’s what you call a winning combination! Now let’s see what sorts of assignments you are most likely to face.
 
Assignment Solutions: Important Classification. Learn Learning.
 
To defeat the enemy, you have to know what you’re facing. And that’s where the classification of assignments and their solutions will come in handy. Let’s stare the threat in the eye!

 
Simple, wasn’t it? After you get such help with homework, you’ll be able to deal with the most complicated tasks!
 
Assignment Solutions: Improve Efficiency. Splendid Performance!
 
Higher, faster, stronger! That’s what you have to strive for in your assignment homework. However, it’s quite hard to achieve that, especially without decent hints. So here are some recommendations from professionals:

1. There are tips all throughout the assignment. Use them!
2. Use the brainstorming technique. Arrange the ideas you come up with;
3. Mark the side ideas as well – you might need them for the next assignment;
4. Structure your answer well and make it coherent.

Well, you see the pattern now. It will help you to work out the solution of an assignment of any kind.
All in all, your success is just around the corner – follow these tips, and you won’t miss it!
 
Assignment Solutions: Quick Academic Assistance for All in Need.

• Make a simplified plan of the answer;
• Write down all the related terms;
• Expand the answer with additional facts;
• Add specific details to the answer;
• Use your own, inimitable writing style.

Make the search for solutions enticing.
 
Assignment Solutions: When You Need Professional Recommendations
 
So whenever the going gets tough with your assignments, and you need help with homework for your future studies, just follow the tips above. What’s more, remember that:

 
Now you know what you need to do for your assignment, homework, research paper, etc. – with the recommendations above, your paper will surely make your day.

1. “The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.” – Stephen Hawking.
3. “Being ignorant is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn.” – Benjamin Franklin.
4. “Real knowledge is to know the extent of one’s ignorance.” – Confucius.
5. “Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.” – Will Durant.
6. “Education: the path from cocky ignorance to miserable uncertainty.” – Mark Twain.
7. “There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them.” – Joseph Brodsky.
8. “I know that I know nothing but some people don’t know even that.” – Socrates.
9. “If you think education is expensive, try ignorance.” – Andy McIntyre.

Education Quotes: Teachers and Their Duties
 
The roles and responsibilities of teachers have been disputed for many centuries. People who look for an excellent education quote can consider the following examples:

• “The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires”. – William Arthur Ward.
• “The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery”. Mark van Doren.
• “The best teacher is the one who suggests rather than dogmatizes, and inspires his listener with the wish to teach himself.” – Edward Bulwer-Lytton.
• “Teaching kids to count is fine, but teaching them what counts is best.” – Bob Talbert.
• “I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.” – Socrates.
• “Nine-tenths of education is encouragement.” – Anatole France.
• “Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.” – Malcolm Forbes.
• “I am not a teacher, but an awakener.” – Robert Frost.
• “The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.” – Plutarch.
• “Just think of the tragedy of teaching children not to doubt.” – Paul Anderson.

Education Quotes: The Role of Schools, Colleges, and Universities
 
If you are looking for good quotes on education, you should pay attention to what famous people said about schools, universities, or colleges. Here are some excellent quotes:

1. “Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.” – Albert Einstein.
2. “There are obviously two educations. One should teach us how to make a living and the other how to live.” – James Adams.
3. “A college education should equip one to entertain three things: a friend, an idea and oneself.” – Thomas Ehrlich.
4. “The things taught in colleges and schools are not an education, but the means of education.” – Ralph Waldo Emerson.
5. “The most important function of the university in an age of reason is to protect reason from itself.” – Alan Bloom.
6. “Formal education will make you a living; self-education will make you a fortune”. – Jim Rohn.
7. “The advantage of a classical education is that it enables you to despise the wealth which it prevents you from achieving.” – Russell Green.

So, there are many interesting and even inspirational quotes on learning and teaching. Hopefully, they will help you to better understand the nature and goals of education.

1. If you want to write a paper, you should first resist the temptation of visiting various websites such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and so forth. When you access them, you tend to forget about the flow of time. As a result, you might spend hours without writing a single line of the paper.
2. Try to use various online databases like SAGE or ProQuest that will help you better research the topic of your paper.
3. You may also listen to your favorite music. Although some people believe that it is very distracting, music can actually help a person focus on a particular task. In many cases, background music can be very stimulating.

 
Paper Writing and Thinking about the Topic
 
Before you start writing a research paper or an essay, you need to take some preparatory steps, especially while doing research.

• First, you need to think about your topic and try to look at it from various perspectives. For example, you may discuss it from cultural, psychological, social, or even political standpoints. By doing that, you will see that there are many thought-provoking questions related to each topic.
• Write a detailed outline of your paper that will explain how you will answer each of the questions. Moreover, this outline has to show what kind of arguments you will put forward.
• If you plan to use any sources, specify the name of each book or article, and most importantly, the number of pages where important quotations or examples can be found. Sometimes, students forget to do it, and as a result, they have to search for the same information twice.

Paper Writing and Proofreading
 
The majority of students know how important proofreading is. Yet, not all of them know how to make this activity more effective. These are the main issues that you need to remember:

1. If you have already written the last sentence of your paper, do not review it immediately. It is unlikely that you will notice all mistakes. You should take a break or even go for a walk. If you do so, you will better notice both logical and linguistic errors.
2. Read your paper aloud. You should revise the sentences that sound too complicated or vague.
3. Let another person, for instance your roommate, read the paper. He or she may notice some mistakes that you have overlooked.

 
So, you can see that writing a paper is not as tedious as it seems. Every assignment can be much easier if you know how to approach it.